Lesson 12 - Abstract and Abstract Expressionism: Kandinsky

Kandinsky's thinking is strongly related to music and sound mainly through the composer A. Shöenberg. He is ranked among the artists whose work changed the history of art in the early years of the 20th century. Wassily Kandinsky is regarded as one of the originators of abstract painting, or abstract expressionism. In both his painting and his theoretical writings he influenced modern styles.

Born in Moscow in 1866, Kandinsky spent his early childhood in Odessa. His parents played the piano and the zither and Kandinsky himself learned the clarinet. The influence of music in his paintings cannot be overstated, even down to the names of his paintings "Improvisations," "Impressions," and "Compositions."

Red-Blue-Yellow, Kandinsky. courtesy AICT Red-Blue-Yellow
Music = Art
Painting = Art
Music+Painting = Kandinsky's Art


Kandinsky was fascinated by the emotional power music has. Music expresses itself through sound and time, it allows the listener a freedom of imagination, interpretation, and emotional response that is not based on the literal or the descriptive, but rather on the abstract quality that painting, still dependent on representing the visible world, could not provide.

Improvisation I XV
Improvisation I XV, Kandinsky. courtesy AICT


After studying law and economics at the University of Moscow, he lectured at the Moscow Faculty of Law. He enjoyed success as both a teacher of law and a writer of spirtuality. This interest in spirtulity combined with music made a substantial influence in his work. When he saw Monet's Haystacks at Giverny, at an Impressionist exhibit, he stated, " ...it was from the catalog I learned this was a haystack. I was upset I had not recognized it. I also thought the painter had no right to paint in such an imprecise fashion. Dimly I was aware too that the object did not appear in the picture... "


Late in life, at the age of thirty, Kandinsky left Moscow and went to Munich to study the basics of an artist's education. He studied life-drawing, sketching and anatomy. Most people assume since his work looks like it could've been done by four-year-old, that he didn't know how to paint or draw realistically, this is not the case.

Ironically, Kandinsky's work moved in a direction that was of much greater abstraction than that which was pioneered by the Impressionists. His work went from being realistic to abstract. "Abstract" meaning it's based on something that can be observed in the real world. For example, an apple might be abstracted by the artist simply drawing a circle with a line on top. Students often get this confused with non-objective. "Non-objective" means it's not based on anything...it has no subject matter, such as paint thrown on a canvas, or a bunch of sticks thrown onto the floor. It represents nothing: no object = non-objective.

It was not long before his talents outgrew the art school and he began exploring his own ideas of painting: " ...I applied streaks and blobs of colors onto the canvas with a palette knife and I made them sing with all the intensity I could... " Now considered to be the founder of abstract art, his work was exhibited throughout Europe from 1903 onwards. This caused controversy among the public, the art critics, and his contemporaries. The question was asked many times, "how is this art?"

Kandinsky was an active participant in one of the most influential and controversial art movements of the 20th century, the Blue Rider group (also known as Blue Reiter), which he founded along with Franz Marc and the Bauhaus (an art schol). This attracted Klee, Geiniger, and Schonberg, other soon-to-be Abstract artists. Kandinsky continued to further express and define his form of art, both on canvas and in his spiritual writings.

Kandinsky continued painting until his death in June, 1944.

Improvisation 31 (Sea Battle)
Improvisation 31 (Sea Battle), Kandinsky.
courtesy National Gallery of Art

"The violins, the deep tones of the basses, and especially the wind instruments at that time embodied for me all the power of that pre-nocturnal hour. I saw all my colors in my mind; they stood before my eyes. Wild, almost crazy lines were sketched in front of me. I did not dare use the expression that Wagner had painted 'my hour' musically."

- Kandinsky after listening to
Wagner's Lohengrin

QUIZ: Kandinsky, Abstract Expressionism: Lesson 12

 

Project: Make your own musical "painting"

Materials Needed:

Mp3 player, here's a link to some free ones

speakers/headphones

your choice of art materials but use color (paint, computer, chalk, colored pencils, etc)

listen to these six mp3 songs, courtesy mp3.com

Tenacious Boogie 4.3 MB

Rock Science 4.1 MB

Night Air 6.4 MB

Piano Drops 2.6 MB

Secret Garden 3.8 MB

Latin Breeze 4.5 MB

Criteria You'll Be Graded On:

1. Artwork represents the music chosen

2. Colors represent music chosen (bright, clashing, soft, blurred, cool, warm, dark, light, etc.)

3. Shapes represent music chosen (soft, hard, ridged, curvy, etc)

4. Turned in list of songs with three colors chosen

5. Turned in list of songs with three shapes chosen

Step 1: Listen to all six songs, find out which one you would like to do. While listening, close your eyes, and think about what colors come to mind...are they blurred and soft, bright and clashing, fun and spontaneous? Write down what colors you think go with each song. (Yes, you'll be turning that in)

Example: I've done this with the song My Piano Cries for You. Colors thought of: soft sad colors, blues, blue-violet, violet, different shades of all.

My Piano Cries for You
My Piano Cries for You, K. Brott, 2003

Step 2: Same thing, but think purely in terms of shape. Shape is ANY enclosed space. It can be a sagging balloon shape, a squiggle, a scribble, a box, triangle, etc.

Example: Shapes thought of with My Piano Cries for You: Long, flowing organic shapes, such as mud puddles, lakes, and teardrops.

Step 3: Start painting or creating with the song playing to help "inspire" you. Make sure that when you're turning in the project that you label it with the song you chose.

 

Step 4: Turn in your artwork.


TURNING IN YOUR WORK. Use a digital camera to photograph your art (or scan it), upload the image to your computer, name the file with your name and the project name and save it in JPG format, e.g., marydmusical.jpg. Then, click here to submit your work electronically;

OR snail mail your artwork to me. Be sure to include a self-addressed, stamped envelope if you'd like your work returned.


You will be finished with this lesson after you take the quiz and complete the project. When done, go on to lesson 13 .

 


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